Distribution of Minerals: Minerals occur in different types of rocks. Metallic minerals are mostly found in metamorphic and igneous rocks. For example: iron-ore in Chhota Nagpur plateau in India, iron-ore in north Sweden, platinum and chromites in South Africa
Sedimentary rocks: Sedimentary rocks formed along the plains and young fold mountains have deposits of non-metallic minerals which may be organic or inorganic in origin. Fossil fuels such as coal and petroleum are also found in between layers of sedimentary rocks.
Continental Distribution of Minerals:
Asia: China and India have large iron ore deposits. The continent produces more than half of the world’s tin. China, Malaysia and Indonesia are among the world’s leading tin producers. China also leads in production of lead, antimony and tungsten. Asia also has deposits of manganese, bauxite, nickel, zinc and copper.
Europe: Europe is the leading producer of iron-ore in the world. The countries with large deposits of iron ore are Russia, Ukraine, Sweden and France. The Ruhr valley of Germany is rich in coal deposits and today it is one of the most populated industrial regions in Europe. Minerals deposits of copper, lead, zinc manganese and nickel are found in Eastern Europe and European Russia.
North America: The mineral deposits in North America are located in three zones: the Canadian region north of the great lakes, the Appalachian region and the mountain ranges of the west. Iron ore, nickel, gold, uranium and copper are mined in the Canadian Shield region, coal in the Appalachians region. Western cordilleras have vast deposits of copper, lead, zinc, gold and silver. One of the world’s largest deposits of bituminous and soft coals is found in West Virginia, western Pennsylvania.
South America: Brazil is the largest producer of high grade iron-ore in the world. Chile and Peru are leading producers of copper. Brazil and Bolivia are among the world’s largest producers of tin. South America also has large deposits of gold, silver, zinc, chromium, manganese, bauxite, mica, platinum, asbestos and diamond. Mineral oil is found in Venezuela, Argentina, Chile, Peru and Columbia.
Africa: Africa is rich in mineral resources. It is the world’s largest producer of diamonds, gold and platinum. South Africa, Zimbabwe and Zaire produce a large portion of the world’s gold. The other mineral found in Africa are copper, iron ore, chromium, uranium, cobalt and bauxite. Oil is found the Nigeria, Libya and Angola.
Australia: Australia is the largest producer of bauxite in the world. It is a leading producer of gold, diamond, iron ore, tin and nickel. It is also rich in copper, lead, zinc and manganese. Kalgoorlie and coolgardie areas of Western Australia have the largest deposits of gold.
Antarctica: The geology of Antarctica is sufficiently well known to predict the existence of a variety of mineral deposits, some probably large. Significant size of deposits of coal in the Trans-Antarctic mountains and iron near the Prince Charles Mountains of east Antarctica is forecasted. Iron ore, gold, silver and oil ore also present in commercial quantities. However, mining for commercial reason is banned here. Only researchers continue to do some mining here in order find some answers to their scientific queries.
The largest plant has been setup in Orissa recently to produce alumina and aluminium which uses the latest ________ technology to save pwer. | |||
Right Option : A | |||
View Explanation |
The major coal deposits of the world are in _________________. | |||
Right Option : D | |||
View Explanation |
India faces competition with _______ in mica production | |||
Right Option : D | |||
View Explanation |
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